Many large herbivores went extinct at the end of the last Ice Age or the “Pleistocene.” This is referred to as the period of “megafaunal extinctions.” In North America, species like horses, mammoth, giant sloths, and camels disappeared. In Mongolia, horses and camels remained but other species were lost, including mammoth, woolly rhinoceros (OES, Fig. 1 – Rhino), giant elk, hyenas (OES, Fig. 2, Hyena), and a species of giant northern-dwelling ostrich (OES, Fig. 3 – Petroglyph). We do not have any fossils of ostriches from the Pleistocene, but researchers have found numerous fragments and beads of ostrich eggshell (OES, Fig. 4 – Beads) and complete eggs (OES, Fig. 5 – Eggs) were uncovered by researchers in China during the early 20th century. The eggs were much larger and thicker than modern ostrich eggs and suggest that the birds themselves may have been much larger than modern African ostriches.